爱尔兰爱尔兰的采矿活动历史悠久,大约可追溯至青铜时代。据传,当时在斯卡尔和科克郡附近的加布里埃尔山区,就进行着青铜开采活动(《加拉赫与奥康诺》,1999)。多年以来,爱尔兰的银、金、铁、铅、锌、煤、泥炭和重晶石矿支撑着国内外的矿产加工和能源行业。近年来,爱尔兰一直是国际上的铅、锌出口大国。这些矿物主要开采于(米斯郡的)塔拉矿区、(蒂珀雷里郡的)里申和莫古矿区,以及(基尔根尼郡的)盖尔莫伊矿区(见图一)。尽管资源开采能够给经济发展带来强劲动力,但与此同时,也会引起发严重的环境问题。到 Mining in Ireland Ireland has a long history, dating back to the Bronze Age. It was rumored that bronze mining activities were then carried out in the Gabriel Mountains near Skar and County Cork (Gallaher and O’Connell, 1999). For many years, Ireland’s silver, gold, iron, lead, zinc, coal, peat and barite have supported the mineral processing and energy industries at home and abroad. In recent years, Ireland has always been an international lead and zinc exporter. These minerals are mainly mined in the Tara mine area (County Meath), the Rishen and Mogu mines (in County Tipperary), and the Gail Moi mine (in Kilkenny) (see figure I). Although resource exploitation can bring strong impetus to economic development, at the same time, it can also cause serious environmental problems. To