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我国国有企业在土地租金、税收、信贷、补贴等方面享有诸多竞争优势,这种政府支持的竞争模式一方面扭曲了市场竞争,导致资源配置效率低下,另一方面面临越来越多的国际挑战。竞争中立规则旨在消除国有企业的不平等竞争优势,为国有企业与私营企业创造公平的竞争环境,其本质在于确保市场在资源配置中起决定性作用。引入竞争中立规则是解决我国国有企业不公平竞争问题的必然选择,也符合我国新一轮的国有企业改革方向。在实施过程中,我国可能面临竞争中立规则与以公有制为主体的社会主义市场经济制度的协调、地方政府缺乏执行动力、与我国产业政策的协调等多方面的问题,通过合理的规则设置可以有效应对上述问题。我国应当采取渐进的方式建立一套包括评估、审查、执行和申诉在内的竞争中立规则体系。在消除国有企业不正当竞争优势的同时,要注意消除国有企业的竞争劣势,并要积极参与竞争中立规则的国际研究和谈判。上述安排可以完善社会主义市场经济体制,构建以市场为主的公平高效的资源配置机制,应对由中国国有企业不公平竞争引发的国内和国际双重挑战。
China’s state-owned enterprises enjoy many competitive advantages in such aspects as land rent, taxation, credit and subsidies. This competitive mode supported by the government distorts market competition and leads to inefficient allocation of resources. On the other hand, it faces more and more international challenges . The principle of competition neutrality aims to eliminate the unequal competitive advantage of state-owned enterprises and create a level playing field for state-owned enterprises and private enterprises. Its essence is to ensure that the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources. The introduction of competitive neutrality rules is an inevitable choice to solve the unfair competition of state-owned enterprises in our country and is also in line with the new round of reform of state-owned enterprises in our country. In the process of implementation, our country may face many problems, such as the coordination between competitive neutrality rules and the socialist market economic system with public ownership as the mainstay, the lack of implementation power of local governments and the coordination with industrial policies of our country, which can be effective through the setting of reasonable rules Respond to the above questions. Our country should adopt a gradual approach to establish a system of competitive neutral rules that includes assessment, review, enforcement and appeals. While eliminating the unfair advantage of state-owned enterprises, we must pay attention to eliminating the competitive disadvantage of state-owned enterprises and actively participate in international research and negotiations that compete for neutral norms. The above arrangement can improve the socialist market economic system and establish a fair and efficient market-based resource allocation mechanism to cope with the domestic and international challenges arising from unfair competition by Chinese state-owned enterprises.