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与传统的刑罚研究的哲学路径和刑罚研究的犯罪学路径不同,刑罚社会学探讨的是刑罚与更为宽泛的社会现象之间的关联。在对刑罚社会学的理论传统进行系统梳理的基础上,美国学者大卫.加兰德认为,由社会建构的心理与情感即文化对我们惩罚犯罪人的方式有着重要的影响。这些文化模式建构了我们思考罪犯的方式,并且提供了思想架构(不管是科学的、宗教的还是常识的),让我们透过这些架构来看待个人、理解他们的动机以及将他们当成一件件的案子来处理。在刑罚的文化分析的基础上,大卫.加兰德进而提出了作为社会制度的刑罚理论,主张从多元化的视角来理解刑罚这种复杂的制度现象,这不仅有利于改变我们对刑罚的理解模式,也将改变我们对刑罚所作的规范性思考。
Different from the traditional philosophical approach of criminal law research and the criminological approach of criminal penalty research, criminal sociology studies the connection between criminal punishment and broader social phenomenon. Based on a systematic review of the theoretical tradition of criminal sociology, David Gallander, a scholar at the United States, believes that the psychology and emotion that are constructed by society, namely culture, have an important influence on the way we punish criminals. These patterns of culture shape the way we think of criminals and provide a framework of ideas (whether scientific, religious or common sense) that allows us to see individuals, understand their motives and treat them as one piece The case to deal with. Based on the cultural analysis of punishment, David Gallander proposed the penalty theory as a social system, advocating that the complicated system phenomenon of penalty should be understood from the perspective of diversification. This not only helps to change our criminal law Understanding patterns will also change the normative thinking we make about punishments.