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国民党政府把抗战看作只是单纯军事抗战,排斥人民的力量,军力和民力不能很好地结合起来,造成了军事上的不断失利。军事上处处失利而引起的内外巨大政治压力,使蒋介石政府意识到,军队没有政治工作不行,抗战没有文化宣传机构不行。南京沦陷后,蒋介石于1938年1月在武汉改组军事委员会,公布修正的《军事委员会组织大纲》,决定“为恢复北伐时期之政工功能与信誉”,取消1932年1月成立的政训处,恢复政治部的编制。蒋介石相请周恩来担任政治部副部长。政治部下设一处四厅,①周恩来分管文化宣传厅即第三厅。蒋介石又委任文化界最有声望的著名学者郭沫若任第三厅厅长。因此,武汉时期,直接领导抗战宣传工作,是周恩来这时期最重要工作之一。
The Kuomintang government saw the war of resistance as simply a mere military war of resistance and exclusion of the people. The military and civil power can not be well integrated and the military defeat continued. The immense political pressure both inside and outside caused by the military defeat led the Chiang Kai-shek government to realize that it is impossible for the armed forces to work without political work and that there is no cultural propaganda agency in the war against Japan. After the fall of Nanjing, Chiang Kai-shek reorganized the military committee in Wuhan in January 1938 and announced a revised Outline of the Military Commission Organization and decided to abolish the Political and Education Department set up in January 1932 in order to restore the functions and prestige of the political workers during the Northern Expedition. Resume the establishment of the Department of Political Affairs. Chiang Kai-shek invited Zhou Enlai as Deputy Political Department. Department of Political Science under a four hall, ① Zhou Enlai in charge of cultural propaganda hall that Hall III. Chiang Kai-shek appointed the most famous and renowned scholar in the cultural world Guo Moruo as the third director. Therefore, during the period of Wuhan, leading the propaganda work of the war directly was one of the most important tasks of Zhou Enlai during this period.