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河川径流及泥沙在保障水资源、塑造河道形态、维持区域环境及生态系统等方面起着重要作用。为探讨三江源区河流输沙及水沙关系,基于三江源区9个水文站径流泥沙观测资料,采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验、Mann-Kendall突变检验方法分析输沙量、含沙量的变化趋势及突变特征,利用评级曲线法,分析水沙关系。结果表明:1)从输沙量来看,仅长江源区的新寨输沙量呈显著减少趋势,并在1998年发生突变;2)长江源区新寨含沙量显著减少,黄河源区的黄河沿、同仁及唐乃亥含沙量显著增加,其他水文站含沙量没有显著变化趋势,新寨和同仁含沙量分别在1999和1989年存在突变特征;3)直门达以上的长江源区及澜沧江源区水沙关系未发生明显变化,长江源区的新寨水文站控制区及黄河源区水沙关系发生变化;4)水流挟沙能力的变化表现出了明显的空间差异性,主要分为减弱、增强及稳定3种类型。河流输沙及水沙关系发生的变化,可能与气候变化和人类活动等有关,研究成果可为三江源区流域规划和生态保护,以及下游水库泥沙淤积研究等提供参考。
River runoff and sediment play an important role in ensuring water resources, shaping the shape of river courses, and maintaining regional environment and ecosystem. In order to explore the relationship between sediment transport and water and sediment discharge in rivers in the Three River Source Region, based on the runoff and sediment data from nine hydrological stations in the Three River Source Region, Mann-Kendall trend test and Mann-Kendall mutation test were used to analyze the changes of sediment load and sediment concentration Trend and mutation characteristics, using the rating curve method to analyze the relationship between water and sediment. The results show that: 1) Sediment discharge in Xinzhai in the source region of the Yangtze River only shows a significant decrease trend from the sediment load, and the mutation occurred in 1998; 2) The sediment concentration of Xinzhai in the source region of the Yangtze River decreased significantly, Of the Yellow River, colleagues and Tangnaihai sediment concentration increased significantly, other hydrological stations did not change significantly the sediment concentration, Xinzhai and colleagues in the abrupt change of sediment content in 1999 and 1989 respectively; 3) The relationship between water and sediment in the source area of the Xinzhai Hydrological Station and the source region of the Yellow River in the source region of the Yangtze River changed. 4) The sediment carrying capacity of the water flow showed obvious spatial differences, Mainly divided into weakened, enhanced and stable 3 types. Changes in river sediment transport and water-sediment relationships may be related to climate change and human activities. The research results can provide reference for the planning and ecological protection of river basins in the Three Rivers and the sediment deposition in downstream reservoirs.