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目的 研究女性颅脑创伤 (TBI) 患者的临床因素, 为优化女性TBI的诊断与治疗提供依据.方法 回顾性分析天津医科大学总医院神经外科2011年1月-2016年12月收治的2 368例TBI患者的临床资料.分析女性TBI患者的临床特点及其出院时格拉斯哥昏迷量表 (Glasgow coma scale, GCS) 评分的影响因素.结果 女性TBI患者例数约为男性的1/3.与男性TBI患者相比, 女性患者中开放伤和多发伤者更少, 老年 (≥65岁) 患者的比例明显增加.男女TBI的首要伤因均为交通伤, 但≥75岁女性TBI患者的首要受伤原因是跌倒.女性TBI患者中, 在伤后≤6 h即入院者更多, 入院时昏迷程度较男性患者轻;但总体上女性与男性TBI患者的病死率的差异无统计学意义 (P＞ 0. 05) .单因素分析结果表明, 年龄＜65岁、受伤至入院时间≤6 h以及入院时GCS评分较低, 可能是治疗后女性患者出院时GCS评分改善的保护因素 (均P ＜0. 05) .多因素分析显示, 年龄 (OR=0. 425, 95％CI:0. 238～0. 760, P=0. 004) 、受伤至入院时间 (OR=0. 576, 95％CI:0. 345～0. 962, P=0. 035) 以及入院GCS评分 (OR=0. 768, 95％CI:0. 713～0. 827, P ＜0. 001) 为女性TBI患者出院时GCS评分改善的影响因素.结论 预防老年女性受伤及尽快将伤者送医院就诊, 可能改善女性TBI患者的治疗效果和预后.“,”Objective To provide evidence for improving the diagnosis and treatment of female traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients by studying the clinic factors of female TBI patients. Methods The clinical data of 2 368 TBI patients admitted to Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2011 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical features of female patients and the influencing factors of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) when they were discharged from hospital were studied. Results The number of female TBI patients was 1/3 of male TBI patients. There were less open-injury and multi-injury patients in female than male TBI patients, but clear increase of the percent of old female TBI patients (≥ 65 years). The primary cause of female TBI patients was traffic accident, while falling was the leading cause of ≥75 years old female TBI patients. There were more female TBI patients upon admission to hospital within 6 hours of injury and less unconscious compared to male patients; but there was no significant difference in the fatality rate between female and male patients (P＞ 0. 05). Univariate analysis showed that age ＜ 65 years, time upon injury to admission≤6 hours, and lower GCS at admission may be the protective factors for GCS improvement of hospitalized women upon discharge (all P ＜0. 05). Multivariate analysis showed that age (OR = 0. 425, 95％ CI: 0. 238-0. 760, P = 0. 004) , time from injury to admission (OR = 0. 576, 95％ CI: 0. 345-0. 962, P = 0. 035) , and GCS on admission (OR = 0. 768, 95％ CI: 0. 713-0. 827, P ＜ 0. 001) influence GCS improvement of TBI women discharged from hospital. Conclusions Injury prevention and reducing the time from injury to admission can improve the therapeutic effectiveness and prognosis of female TBI patients.