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采用ANSYS有限元模拟软件,对焊缝中存在缺陷的焊接接头进行模拟研究,分析不同方位、不同大小的椭圆形气孔或裂纹对焊接接头应力集中系数的影响,并计算相应的应力集中系数。结果表明,当焊缝区存在椭圆形气孔或裂纹缺陷时,在其边缘区域将引起较大的应力集中,应力集中系数的大小与缺陷的锐度、尺寸大小及方位有关。缺陷尺寸越大,应力集中系数越大;缺陷偏离受力方向的角度越大,应力集中系数越大;椭圆气孔长轴与受力方向平行时,锐度越大,应力集中系数越小;椭圆气孔长轴与受力方向垂直时,锐度越大,应力集中系数越大。
The finite element simulation software ANSYS was used to simulate the welded joints with defects in the weld. The influence of oval holes or cracks with different azimuths and sizes on the stress concentration factor of welded joints was analyzed and the corresponding stress concentration coefficients were calculated. The results show that when there are oval pores or crack defects in the weld zone, large stress concentration will occur in the edge area of the weld zone. The stress concentration factor is related to the sharpness, size and orientation of the defect. The larger the defect size is, the larger the stress concentration factor is. The larger the angle of the defect deviates from the force direction, the larger the stress concentration factor is. The larger the sharpness is, the smaller the stress concentration factor is. When the long axis of the stomata is perpendicular to the direction of stress, the greater the sharpness is, the larger the stress concentration factor is.