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文章对明清民国时期关中—天水地区46个城市的地下水资源状况进行了逐个考察,分别从水位、水质两方面总结了该地区城市地下水资源的特征。研究表明:明清民国时期关中—天水地区城市地下水位呈现明显的区域内部差异:渭北台塬地区城市地下水位埋藏最深,达几十丈乃至更深;渭河平原地区城市地下水位埋藏相对较浅,在几米至几十米之间;关中西部及天水地区城市地下水位埋藏最浅,基本上在十米以内。明清民国时期关中—天水地区至少有22个城市存在地下水“咸苦”问题,其中有17个城市集中分布在关中渭河北岸的东、中部地区。城市地下水“咸苦”的原因可以归结为城市居民活动与地理环境两个方面,尤其是在关中渭河北岸的东、中部地区。
This paper examines the status of groundwater resources in 46 cities in Guanzhong-Tianshui area during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and summarizes the characteristics of urban groundwater resources in terms of water level and water quality respectively. The results show that the underground water level in Guanzhong-Tianshui area shows obvious regional differences during the Ming, Qing, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The groundwater table in the Weibei-Taiyuan Plateau is the deepest, reaching several tens of hectares or even deeper. The groundwater table in the Weihe Plain is relatively shallow, A few meters to tens of meters; Guanzhong and Tianshui urban water table buried in the most shallow, basically within 10 meters. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were at least 22 salty groundwater problems in Guanzhong-Tianshui area, of which 17 were concentrated in the eastern and central parts of the Guanghui north bank. The causes of urban groundwater “salty ” can be attributed to the activities of urban residents and the two aspects of the geographical environment, especially in the eastern and central areas of Guan River in the north bank of the Weihe River.