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伤害性刺激可以诱导神经元内即刻反应基因ｃ—ｆｏｓ、ｃ－ｊｕｎ等的表达，这些基因的蛋白产物Ｆｏｓ、ＪＵＮ可进入细胞核内参与调控某些靶基因的转录活动，例如调控内阿片肽基因的转录，进而影响内阿片肽的合成。因此有人认为ｃ—ｆｏｓ可以作为细胞内信息传递的第三信使，
Noxious stimuli can induce the expression of c-fos, c-jun and other immediate response genes in neurons. The protein products Fos and JUN of these genes can enter into the nucleus to regulate the transcriptional activity of certain target genes, such as the regulation of endogenous opioid peptide gene Transcription, which in turn affects the synthesis of endo-opioid peptides. So some people think c-fos can be used as the third messenger of intracellular information transmission,