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Objective: To study the expressions and clinical significance of uPA and V-ATPase mRNA in human hepatocel-lular carcinoma. Methods: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expressions of uPA and V-ATPase mRNA in 45 specimens of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), their para-neoplastic tissues and 7 parahepatic hemangioma tissues for controls. The diagnosis for all specimens was made by pathologists. Results: The positive rates of uPA mRNA in HCC, para-neoplastic tissues and the controls were 100%, 86.44% and 28.57% respectively, and there were significant differences among three groups (P < 0.05). The positive rates of V-ATPase mRNA in HCC, para-neoplastic tissues and the controls were 100%, 86.67% and 57.14% respectively, and there were also significant differences among three groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the positive rates of uPA and V-ATP mRNA in HCC were significantly correlated with portal vein cancer thrombosis and remote metastasis (P < 0.01). However, the positive rates had no correlation to cancer size or pathological stage, serum AFP lever and HBV infection (P 0.05). Conclusion: The high expressions of uPA and V-ATPase mRNA in HCC might be related to its growth, invasion and metastasis.