社会主义作为20世纪最伟大的实践,已有70多年了。它所走的是一条充满复杂矛盾的探索之路,伴随、交织在一起的,既有成功的经验,也有失败的教训,并经历了动荡和分化的令人目眩的过程。对这种现象作客观、具体、深入的整体考察,有助于我们更好地认识社会主义实践的规律,思考和探索当前改革中面临的各种重大现实问题。历史发展的巨大跳跃与现实基础的制约恩格斯指出:“为了使社会主义变为科学,就首先必须把它置于现实的基础之上”。事实表明,这也是贯穿于70多年社会主义实践的一个重大问题;人们如果对社会主义不想陷入空想,那就必须立足于现实,承认和正视历史发展的巨大跳跃与现实基础 Socialism has been the greatest practice of the 20th century for more than 70 years. It follows a path of exploration full of complex and contradictory, accompanied by, intertwined, with both successful experience and lessons of failure, and with the dizzying process of turmoil and differentiation. Objectively, concretely and thoroughly examining this phenomenon in its entirety can help us to better understand the laws of socialist practice and to think about and explore various major realities facing the current reform. Great Leap in Historical Development and Constraints on Practical Basis Engels pointed out: “In order to turn socialism into science, we must first place it on the basis of reality.” Facts have shown that this is also a major issue that runs through more than 70 years of socialist practice. If people do not want socialism to fall into fantasy, they must base themselves on reality, recognize and face the great leaps and bounds of historical development