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目的了解新疆乌鲁木齐市吸毒人群(Dus)人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)新发感染率,判断疫情变化情况,确定今后艾滋病防治工作重点。方法对2012—2015年乌鲁木齐市艾滋病哨点监测吸毒人群4 186例样本纳入研究,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法对所有研究对象样本进行HIV初筛,初筛阳性者用免疫印迹方法进行确认,符合条件的HIV阳性血清还接受HIV-1 BED捕获酶联法(BED方法)检测,估算该人群连续4年的新发感染率;对不同人口学特征的新发感染率进行分层分析;掌握安全套的使用情况。结果乌鲁木齐市吸毒人员2012—2015年HIV阳性率分别为17.31%、14.79%、12.17%、12.64%;2012—2015年HIV新发感染率分别为2.81%、0.18%、0.04%、0.34%,平均0.48%(95%CI:0.25%~0.70%);多因素分析显示年龄≥35岁、女性、民族为少数民族、曾与他人共用注射器具的HIV新发感染率高(P<0.05)。安全套的使用率平均为54.29%。结论乌鲁木齐市吸毒人群艾滋病流行处于平稳阶段,安全套使用率普遍偏低,应采取有效的干预措施加以控制。
Objective To understand the new infection rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in drug addicts (Dus) in Urumqi, Xinjiang to determine the change of epidemic situation and determine the focus of HIV / AIDS prevention and treatment in future. Methods A total of 4 186 samples of sentinel drug abusers in Urumqi from 2012 to 2015 were enrolled in this study. All samples were tested for HIV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunoblotting Confirmed that eligible HIV-positive sera were also tested by the HIV-1 BED Trap ELISA (BED method) to estimate the new infection rate in this population for 4 consecutive years; stratified analysis of new demographic rates of demographic characteristics ; Master the use of condoms. Results The HIV positive rates among drug users in Urumqi from 2012 to 2015 were 17.31%, 14.79%, 12.17% and 12.64% respectively. The rates of new HIV infections in 2012-2015 were 2.81%, 0.18%, 0.04% and 0.34%, respectively. The mean 0.48% (95% CI: 0.25% -0.70%). Multivariate analysis showed that women aged 35 and over were ethnic minorities. The rate of new HIV infection among those who had been sharing with other people was high (P <0.05). Condom use rate averaged 54.29%. Conclusion The HIV / AIDS epidemic among drug users in Urumqi is in a stable stage. The condom use rate is generally low, and effective interventions should be taken to control it.