劳资争议是南京国民政府时期极为普遍的社会现象。不论是近代产业,还是传统产业,不论是工业基地,还是政治中心,劳资争议在1932年前呈现下降或持平态势;此后,争议不仅未曾缓和,反而日益激化。引起争议的原因虽然仍以雇用解雇、工资、待遇、工作制度为主,但工方在此类问题上渐渐失去与资方讨价还价的主动权,被动应对资方的苛严条件。争议由工方提出令资方反感的要求而引起,转变为由资方提出令工方无法接受的严酷条件所引发。工人益加处于被动地位。在劳资双方的较量中,1936年是双方力量对比的分水岭。1936年前,工方势力逐渐转弱;1936年后,工方势力则压倒资方。当然,还有大量事实说明,工帮问题、管理层的分歧、争取社会地位的动机、政府政策等因素也是劳资争议的诱因。另外,劳资争议同资方国籍、工资高低无必然联系。劳资争议更不表明劳资间无协商与合作的可能。 Labor dispute is a very common social phenomenon during Nanjing National Government. Whether in modern or traditional industries, whether industrial bases or political centers, the labor dispute has been declining or flattening before 1932; since then, disputes have not only not eased but intensified. Although the reasons for the controversy are still the employment dismissal, wages, treatment and work system, the Workers’ Party gradually loses the initiative to bargain with the employers on such issues and responds to the harsh conditions of the employers. The controversy was caused by the workers’ demands of dismissing employers, which were caused by the harsh conditions put forward by the employers to make the workers unacceptable. Benefit workers in a passive position. In the contest between employers and employees, 1936 is a watershed in the comparison of forces between the two sides. Before 1936, the workers ’power gradually weakened; after 1936, the workers’ forces overwhelmed the employers. Of course, there are a large number of facts that suggest that factors such as workers’ help issues, management differences, motives for gaining social status, and government policies are also incentives for labor disputes. In addition, there is no necessary link between the labor dispute and the nationality of the sponsor or the wage level. Labor disputes even less that there is no possibility of consultation and cooperation between labor and capital.