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吐鲁番盆地为天山东部的山间断陷盆地,地形封闭,气候极端干燥,年均降水量16.6mm,年蒸发量达2845 mm,是我国极旱荒漠区之一。开发历史悠久,尤其是近50多年以来,从传统绿洲农业经济向现代绿洲经济发展。对于极端干旱的吐鲁番盆地而言,水资源的多寡及利用方式,决定着该区域的最大承载能力,也决定着处于荒漠包围中的绿洲的环境状况,尤其是水资源的使用与分配制约着经济的生存与发展。以水资源为主线,探讨极端干旱区绿洲经济发展具有重要意义。本文在吐鲁番盆地实地考察、历年统计资料和水资源的形成机制、基本特征及开发利用现状分析的基础上,对该区域水资源开发利用方面存在的问题作了充分剖析,探讨了吐鲁番盆地水资源合理开发的基本对策及可行的途径。
The Turpan Basin is a mountain rift basin in the east of Tianshan Mountain. The terrain is closed and the climate is extremely dry with an average annual rainfall of 16.6 mm and an annual evaporation of 2845 mm. It is one of the extremely desertified areas in China. Development has a long history, especially in the past 50 years, from the traditional oasis agricultural economy to modern oasis economic development. For the extremely dry Turpan Basin, the amount of water resources and the way they are used determine the maximum carrying capacity of the region and also determine the environmental conditions of the oasis in the desert enclave. In particular, the use and distribution of water resources constrain the economy Survival and development. Taking water resources as the main line, it is of great significance to discuss the oasis economic development in extreme arid areas. Based on the field investigation in the Turpan Basin, the historical data, the forming mechanism, the basic characteristics and the status quo of exploitation and utilization of the water resources in Turpan Basin, the problems existing in the development and utilization of water resources in this area are thoroughly analyzed. The reasonable development of the basic measures and feasible ways.