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为揭示旱涝交替胁迫水稻干物质生产和分配规律,研究其对水稻倒伏相关形态性状、力学性状及化学成分的影响,于2013年5—10月在江苏省河海大学南方地区高效灌排与农业水土环境教育部重点实验室进行不同灌溉方法的粳稻盆栽试验。试验共设分蘖期涝-轻旱交替胁迫(T-LD)、分蘖期涝-重旱交替胁迫(T-HD)、拔节期涝-轻旱交替胁迫(J-LD)、拔节期涝-重旱交替胁迫(J-HD)和全生育期浅水勤灌(CK)5个处理。结果表明,在开花期以后,各灌溉处理的功能叶的叶绿素含量与水稻移栽后天数呈二次曲线关系,且决定系数R2均大于0.97(P<0.01);在开花期后,水稻剑叶的叶绿素含量和光合速率存在线性正相关(P<0.001)。分蘖期旱涝交替胁迫处理(T-LD和T-HD)的剑叶面积、开花后平均叶绿素含量以及光合速率为CK处理的1.1~1.2倍,而茎鞘贮藏物质的平均输出率和转化率则分别为CK处理的32%和22%;拔节期旱涝交替胁迫处理(J-LD和J-HD)的剑叶面积、茎鞘贮藏物质的平均输出率和转化率分别为CK处理的84%、33%和37%,而开花后其平均光合速率为CK处理的1.19倍。与CK及分蘖期旱涝交替胁迫处理相比,拔节期旱涝交替胁迫处理显著提高基部以上第1伸长节间的抗折安全系数(P<0.05)。研究可为通过灌溉方式实现水稻抗倒和高产的目标提供依据。
In order to reveal the law of dry matter production and distribution of rice under alternate droughts and floods and to study its effects on the lodging related morphological traits, mechanical properties and chemical composition of rice, from May to October in 2013, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Environment, Ministry of Education to carry out different methods of irrigation japonica pot experiment. T-LD, T-HD at tillering stage, J-LD at jointing stage, and waterlogging at jointing stage J-HD and CK during the whole growth period. The results showed that after flowering stage, the chlorophyll content of functional leaves of all irrigation treatments showed a quadratic curve relationship with the number of days after transplanting, and the coefficient of determination R2 was greater than 0.97 (P <0.01). After flowering, There was a linear positive correlation between chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate (P <0.001). The leaf area, the average chlorophyll content after flowering and the photosynthetic rate were 1.1-1.2 folds of the CK treatment at the tillering stage of drought-waterlogging alternation stress treatment (T-LD and T-HD), while the average output rate and conversion rate The average leaf area, the average output and the conversion rate of stored matter in CK and CK were respectively 84% and 32% of that in CK treatment %, 33% and 37% respectively. After flowering, the average photosynthetic rate was 1.19 times of CK treatment. Compared with CK and tillering stage of drought-waterlogging alternate stress treatment, the alternate stress of drought and flood at jointing stage significantly increased the safety factor of flexural resistance in the first-extension internode above base (P <0.05). The research can provide the basis for achieving the target of lodging resistance and high yield of rice through irrigation.