由于具有很强的毒性,氰根离子的识别与检测在生命科学、环境科学等领域具有重要的意义。在众多的氰根离子检测方法中,基于主客体作用的氰根离子比色、荧光传感器由于其方法简单和灵敏度高、操作简便、成本较低等优点,逐渐成为人们关注的焦点。本文综述了2006年以来的氰根离子比色、荧光传感器的研究进展。根据传感器分子与氰根离子作用方式的不同,本文将氰根离子传感器分为6类:(1)氢键作用型氰根离子传感器。此类传感器分子通过氢键作用结合氰根离子从而实现对氰根离子的识别。(2)脱质子型氰根离子传感器。此类传感器分子通过氰根离子夺取传感器分子中的活泼氢,导致传感器分子发生分子内电子转移,从而实现对氰根离子的识别。(3)加成反应型氰根离子传感器。此类传感器分子通过与氰根离子发生特定的反应而实现对氰根离子的识别,根据具体反应类型的不同,又将其分成了5小类进行总结和阐述。(4)配位作用型氰根离子传感器。此类传感器分子为金属配合物,氰根离子与传感器分子上的金属离子通过配位作用结合或者氰根离子竞争夺取传感器分子中的金属离子,从而实现对氰根离子的识别。(5)基于纳米技术的氰根离子传感器。(6)基于其他机理的氰根离子传感器。本文对这些类型的氰根离子传感器从设计原理、识别性能和机理等方面进行了介绍,并展望了该领域的研究方向。 Due to its strong toxicity, the identification and detection of cyanide ions are of great significance in the fields of life science and environmental science. Among the many cyanide ion detection methods, cyanide ion colorimetric and fluorescence sensors based on the host-guest functions have become the focus of attention due to their simple and sensitive methods, simple operation and low cost. This review summarizes the research progress of cyanide colorimetric and fluorescence sensors since 2006. According to the difference of sensor molecules and cyanide ions, cyanide ion sensors are divided into six categories: (1) hydrogen-bonding cyanide ion sensors. Such sensor molecules through the hydrogen bond with cyanide ions in order to achieve recognition of cyanide ions. (2) deprotonated cyanide ion sensor. Such sensor molecules capture cyanide ions in active hydrogen molecules in the sensor molecules, resulting in intramolecular electronic transfer of sensor molecules, in order to achieve cyanide ion recognition. (3) Addition reaction cyanide ion sensor. According to the different reaction types, these sensor molecules are divided into five sub-categories to summarize and expound the recognition of cyanide ions through the specific reaction with cyanide ions. (4) coordination role of cyanide ion sensor. Such sensor molecules are metal complexes, cyanide ions and metal ions on the sensor molecules through the coordination or cyanogen ions compete for metal ions in the sensor molecules, in order to achieve cyanide ion recognition. (5) Cyanide-based sensor based on nanotechnology. (6) Cyanide ion sensors based on other mechanisms. In this paper, the design principles, recognition performance and mechanism of these types of cyanide ion sensors are introduced, and the research directions in this field are prospected.