宫颈癌是妇科肿瘤死亡的第二大原因,但大多数宫颈癌在发展成侵犯性恶变前有多年的非侵犯性病变,即癌前病变存在。及早发现宫颈癌癌前病变无疑是切断宫颈癌发生和发展的重要手段。主要介绍宫颈癌癌前病变的细胞学、组织学检查,基因检查及与宫颈癌发生发展有密切关系的HPV DNA检测方面的最新进展。 Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death from gynecologic cancers, but most cervical cancers have many years of non-invasive lesions prior to the development of aggressive degeneration, ie precancerous lesions exist. Early detection of cervical precancerous lesions is undoubtedly an important means of cutting off the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. The paper mainly introduces the latest advances in cytological, histological examination, genetic examination and HPV DNA detection of cervical precancerous lesions closely related to the development of cervical cancer.