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我国有着悠久的辞书编纂历史,是世界上出版辞书最早的国家之一。早在汉代,就出现了《尔雅》、《方言》、《说文解字》等书。历代帝王有的十分重视辞书编纂事业,唐欧阳询等奉敕撰编的类书《艺文类聚》达100卷,宋李昉等奉敕撰编的《太平御览》共1000卷,达5426类,资料广博,珍奇可观。清代的《康熙字典》是长期来收字最多的字典,对后世影响很大。三十年代,我国又产生了《辞源》、《辞海》这样的综合性辞典,至今仍有一定的生命力。综观几千年辞书编写历史,可以发现一大批辞书工作者尽管默默无闻,皓首穷经、埋头于撰编之中,却不注意总结研究实践经验。因此,在相当长的时期内,辞书的旧有模式和体系很少有所突破。历史与现实的经验都说明只有重视辞书研究,才能使辞书编纂事业走上更加繁荣的健康之路。本文拟就辞书研究的现状与展望谈一些不成熟的看法,以此引起进一步的讨论。
My country has a long history of dictionaries and is one of the earliest countries in the world to publish dictionaries. As early as the Han Dynasty, there appeared “Eyer”, “dialect”, “Explain Word” and other books. Some emperor emperors paid great attention to the compilation of dictionaries, such as the Tang Ouyang inquiry and other articles compiled by Feng Zhi, “Art and Literature Collection” reached 100 volumes, Song Li 昉 and other compilation of “Tai Ping Yu Lan,” a total of 1000 volumes, up to 5426 categories, Wide range of information, rare and impressive. The “Kangxi Dictionary” of the Qing Dynasty was the dictionary with the most collected letters for a long time, which had a great influence on future generations. In the thirties, our country also produced a comprehensive dictionary of “Ci Yuan” and “Ci Hai”, and still has certain vitality to this day. Looking at the history of several hundred years of compilation of dictionaries, we can find that a large number of dictionaries, despite their obscurity, are hard-pressed and absorbed in the compilation, but do not pay attention to summing up the research and practical experience. Therefore, for a long period of time, there have been few breakthroughs in the old modes and systems of dictionaries. Historical and realistic experience shows that only by focusing on the study of dictionaries can we embark on a more prosperous and healthy path to the cause of dictionaries. This article intends to discuss some immature opinions about the status quo and prospect of dictionaries in order to arouse further discussion.