目的:探讨儿童感染性腹泻(Infectious diarrhea,ID)的临床特征及病原菌学流行病特点,为临床防治提供理论依据。方法:回顾性分析我院2010年2月至2014年2月收治并确诊的141例感染性腹泻患儿的粪便培养结果,观察并总结患者体内大肠埃希菌、痢疾杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌病毒等常见致病细菌的分布情况。结果:儿童感染性腹泻四季均可发病,夏季发病率最高,春季最低;年龄为1月~3岁的患儿感染性腹泻细菌及病毒感染比例显著高于其他两组(P<0.05);141例患儿中,细菌阳性23例(16.3%),病毒培养阳性94例(66.7%)。各种病毒感染与患儿性别无关(P>0.05)。结论:小儿感染性腹泻四季均较常见,病毒感染比例高于细菌感染比例,应根据病原菌分布情况积极采取预防与控制措施。 Objective: To investigate the clinical features and epidemiological features of Infectious diarrhea (ID) in children and provide a theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment. Methods: The results of stool culture in 141 children with infectious diarrhea admitted and diagnosed in our hospital from February 2010 to February 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The levels of Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae Viruses and other common pathogenic bacteria distribution. Results: Infectious diarrhea in children could develop in all seasons, with the highest incidence in summer and the lowest in spring. The bacterial and viral infections in children with infectious diarrhea aged 1 month to 3 years were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (P <0.05). Among the children, 23 (16.3%) were positive for bacteria and 94 (66.7%) were positive for virus. A variety of viral infections have nothing to do with children’s gender (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Infectious diarrhea in infants is more common in all four seasons, and the proportion of virus infection is higher than that of bacterial infection. Prevention and control measures should be taken actively according to the distribution of pathogens.