目的 了解湖南省农村居民感染性腹泻流行特征和就诊行为,为农村地区感染性腹泻防控工作提供科学依据.方法 按照多阶段分层抽样方法,选择湖南省的桂阳县、龙山县、芦淞区和新晃县4个监测点,各监测点将辖区内的乡镇(街道)按照经济水平分为高、中、低三层,每层中选取1个乡镇(街道),每个乡镇(街道)选择2～3个村(社区)作为调查点,每季度对调查点的居民进行腹泻和就诊情况的调查.结果 4个监测点共调查82 588人次,共有685人次发生腹泻;腹泻的两周发病率为0.83％.685例腹泻病例中有397人去医院就诊,就诊率为58.0％.男性发病率、就诊率均高于女性,不同年龄段人群中5岁以下儿童发病率(2.52％)最高,5～9岁儿童就诊率(69.74％)最高;散居儿童发病率(3.52％)和就诊率(71.93％)最高.各监测点不同季节发病率不同,发病率较高的季节基本在夏秋季.就诊影响因素的logistic回归分析显示桂阳县较其他监测点,夏秋季较春季,有里急后重感、水样便的病例更倾向就诊.结论 感染性腹泻病在各年龄组均有发生,5岁以下儿童、散居儿童发病率高,是腹泻病防治重点人群,需进一步提高农村居民腹泻病就诊率.“,”Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diarrhea and behaviors of seeking medical advice in rural residents in Hunan Province,so as to provide the evidence for prevention and control of the disease in rural areas.Methods According to the multi-stage stratified sampling method,Guiyang County,Longshan County,Lusong area and Xinhuang County were selected as monitoring stations.The towns (streets) within the four monitoring stations were divided into the high,medium and low layers according to the economic development levels,and one town (street) was selected from each layer,and two or three villages (community) from the selected town were selected as the survey points.The residents in the survey points were investigated about diarrhea and the behaviors of seeking medical advice each quarter.Results A total of 82 588 person-times were investigated in the four monitoring stations,and there were 685 person-times of diarrhea,and the incidence of diarrhea within two weeks was 0.83％.Among the 685 person-times,397 went to losptial for seeking medical advice,and the seeking medical advice rate was 58.0％.The incidence and seeking medical advice rate in the male were higher than those in the female;the incidence rate (2.52％) of children under the age of 5 and the treatment rate (69.74％)of children between 5 to 9 years old were the highest;the incidence (3.52％) and treatment rate (71.93％) of scattered children were the highest in terms of professional distribution.The incidence of each season was different in four survey points,and the higher incidence seasons were summer and autumn.The logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of seeking medical advice showed that in Guiyang County monitoring points compared with in other monitoring points,in summer and autumn compared with in other seasons,among the persons with tenesmus feelings compared with the persons without tenesmus feelings,and among the persons with watery stool compared with the persons without watery stool,there were more people who likely sought the medical advice.Conclusion Infectious diarrhea diseases occur in all age groups.The children under 5 years old and scattered children have higher incidence,and they are the key populations for prevention and control.It is necessary to further improve the rate of seeking medical advice of diarrhea diseases in rural residents.