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目的了解合肥市区2~6岁儿童超重和肥胖的现况,为制定儿童超重和肥胖的干预策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样法,对合肥市区96所幼儿园17 984名儿童进行体格检查,根据WHO标准评价儿童体格发育,用身高别体重评价超重和肥胖,凡身高别体重超过中位数10%~19%者为超重,超过20%为肥胖。运用EpiData 3.1软件建立数据库,SPSS 13.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果在2~6岁儿童中,超重儿童占11.89%,肥胖儿童占5.57%,随着年龄的增长,超重儿童有逐年下降的趋势(χ2趋势=23.068,P<0.01);肥胖儿童有逐年上升的趋势(χ2趋势=44.178,P<0.01),男童和女童的超重分别为12.32%和11.38%,无显著性差异(χ2趋势=3.740,P=0.053);肥胖率分别为6.88%和4.01%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=69.629,P<0.01);超重+肥胖儿童随着年龄增长没有增长或下降趋势(χ2趋势=0.007,P=0.936)。超重、轻度肥胖、中度肥胖和重度肥胖儿童的构成比分别为68.11%、20.23%、10.48%和1.18%。公立幼儿园和私立幼儿园超重儿童分别为12.65%和11.67%,无显著性差异(χ2=2.918,P=0.088);肥胖儿童分别为6.73%和5.23%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.575,P<0.01)。结论合肥市区2~6岁儿童超重和肥胖率比较高,部分超重儿童可能随着年龄的增长变成肥胖儿童;预防儿童肥胖应先预防超重,并且年龄越小越好。
Objective To understand the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 2 ~ 6 years in Hefei city, and to provide scientific basis for formulating intervention strategies and measures for overweight and obesity in children. Methods A total of 17 984 children in 96 kindergartens in Hefei City were examined by cluster sampling method. According to the WHO standard, children were assessed for their physical development. Their height and weight were used to evaluate overweight and obesity. Height and weight were over 10% 19% were overweight and over 20% were obese. Using EpiData 3.1 software to establish a database, SPSS 13.0 software for statistical analysis of the data. The results showed that overweight children accounted for 11.89% and obese children accounted for 5.57% in 2 to 6 years old children. Overweight children decreased year by year (χ2 trend = 23.068, P <0.01); obese children increased year by year (Χ2 trend = 44.178, P <0.01). The overweight of boys and girls were 12.32% and 11.38% respectively, with no significant difference (χ2 trend = 3.740, P = 0.053) .The obesity rates were 6.88% and 4.01 %, The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 69.629, P <0.01). Overweight and obesity children did not increase or decrease with age (χ2 trend = 0.007, P = 0.936). The proportions of overweight, mild obesity, moderate obesity and severe obesity were 68.11%, 20.23%, 10.48% and 1.18% respectively. The prevalence of overweight children in public kindergartens and private kindergartens was 12.65% and 11.67% respectively, with no significant difference (χ2 = 2.918, P = 0.088). The obese children were 6.73% and 5.23% respectively, with significant difference (χ2 = 13.575, P <0.01). Conclusion Hefei urban children aged 2-6 years overweight and obesity rate is relatively high, some overweight children may become obese children with age; prevention of childhood obesity should be prevention of overweight, and the younger the better.