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目的了解西安市学生传染病症状监测系统的建立和运行状况,为探讨学生传染病相关症状监测网上直报工作对传染病早期预警的作用提供依据。方法选取2015年参加西安市学生传染病相关症状监测网上直报工作的70所试点学校,对网报的学生因病缺课症状和疾病进行统计分析。结果 2015年3—12月网络直报系统共监测因病缺课信息9 396人次,报告症状预警信息75条,其中8条为学校传染病早期预警信息。缺课症状以发热最多(41.2%),其次为咳嗽(15.5%),发热和咳嗽症状均在12月下旬出现高峰。缺课时间以1 d最多,占33.9%。缺课主要疾病为其他非传染性疾病(47.3%)、上呼吸道感染(38.9%)和传染病(6.9%);在传染性疾病中以水痘居多,占49.5%。75条症状预警信息中发热症状预警信息最多,占78.7%;其次是出疹,占12.0%。结论西安市学生传染病症状监测预警系统运行良好,以发热和咳嗽为主要症状的呼吸道传染病是今后学校传染病防控的重点。
Objective To understand the establishment and operation status of symptom monitoring system for students with infectious diseases in Xi’an, and to provide basis for exploring the role of online direct reporting of symptoms monitoring of students’ communicable diseases in early warning of infectious diseases. Methods Seventy-seven pilot schools that participated in the direct online reporting of student infectious disease-related symptoms in Xi’an in 2015 were selected to conduct statistical analysis on the symptoms and diseases of students who reported missing from the net. Results From March to December in 2015, the network direct reporting system monitored a total number of 9 396 sick absences and reported 75 early warning information, of which 8 were early warning information of school infectious diseases. The symptoms of absence were most frequent (41.2%), followed by cough (15.5%), with fever and coughing both peaked in late December. Absence time up to 1 d, accounting for 33.9%. The main diseases of absenteeism were other noncommunicable diseases (47.3%), upper respiratory tract infections (38.9%) and infectious diseases (6.9%). In infectious diseases, the majority were chickenpox, accounting for 49.5%. In the early warning information of 75 symptoms, the warning information of fever symptoms was the most, accounting for 78.7%; followed by rash, accounting for 12.0%. Conclusion Xi’an student infectious disease symptom monitoring and early warning system works well, and respiratory infectious diseases with fever and cough as the main symptoms are the focus of prevention and control of school infectious diseases in the future.