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花生叶斑病不论在中国还是在美国都是一种重要病害。在美国栽培的花生田,基本上都不经过轮作,而在中国的华南地区,大部分都是与水稻轮作。因此,后者田间的叶斑病初次侵染源较少。 试验结果表明,由于花生栽培品种的不同,耕作制度的不同以及气候条件的差异等,美国乔治亚州的测报花生叶斑病的发生与发展的方法,在中国华南地区是不适用的;根据其测报方法制定的喷雾历是不很理想的,而根据另一种连续定点取样调查的测报方法定出的喷雾历的防病效果,则明显比前者好。在发病率为1,3和5％时施用农药百菌清,前后共施三次(在美国南部,最多的要施药九次),防病效果明显。 虽然在有些情况下(如花生病害的防治),药剂的应用仍然是病虫害综合治理(IPM)中最重要的一环,但是,从长远的策略来看,即使在花生叶斑病的防治工作中,仍应注意抗病品种的选育,在这一方面,中美两国进行品种资源的交换,将有利于该项研究的开展。此外,轮作、田间卫生(包括杂草的防除)以及其他耕作制度等,均应加以注意,以便发挥其在综合治理中的应有作用。 从上述两国的合作科研可以看到,农业生产上存在的问题,通过两国科学工作者的共同努力,有可能在较短的时间内得到比较好的解决。这对中美两国在今后日益需要作为粮食的花生生产都将有很大的俾益。
Peanut leaf spot is an important disease both in China and in the United States. The peanut fields cultivated in the United States basically do not undergo rotation. In southern China, most of them work with rice rotation. Therefore, the latter is less likely to be affected by leaf spot disease in the latter field. The test results showed that the method of measuring the occurrence and development of peanut leaf spot in Georgia of the United States is not suitable for use in southern China due to the differences of cultivated peanut varieties, tillage systems and differences in climatic conditions. According to the test report The spray calendar developed by the method is not very satisfactory, while the anti-disease effect of the spray calendar determined by another continuous site-directed sampling method is obviously better than the former. Pesticide chlorothalonil was applied at the incidence rates of 1, 3 and 5%, and co-administered three times before and after (in the southern United States, up to nine times of application). Although the application of pesticides remains the most important part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in some cases (eg prevention and control of peanut diseases), in the long run, even in the prevention and control of peanut leaf spot , We should still pay attention to the breeding of resistant varieties. In this aspect, the exchange of variety resources between China and the United States will be conducive to the development of this research. In addition, rotation, field sanitation (including the control of weeds) and other farming systems should all be taken into account in order to play their due role in integrated governance. From the cooperation and scientific research between the two countries, we can see that the problems in agricultural production are likely to be solved relatively well in a relatively short period of time through the joint efforts of scientists from both countries. This will greatly benefit China and the United States in the future in their growing need for peanut production as food.