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《佛说父母恩重经》是唐朝以来流行的一部佛教伪经,是在佛教不断与儒家文化的冲突交锋和融合吸收过程中出现的。《父母恩重经》虽然没有入藏流传,但因其思想内涵比较符合中国的孝道传统和道德标准,又结合佛教信仰的特色,所以唐宋时民间却广为流行,出现了不同版本及大同小异的经名,如《佛说父母恩重经》《报父母恩重经》《大报父母恩重经》和《佛说父母恩重难报经》等,现有写本、刊本、石刻本等。在黑水城文献中存有汉文或西夏文等不同版本的《佛说父母恩重经》或《佛说报父母恩重经》。本文从敦煌、黑水城《父母恩重经》版本比较、《父母恩重经》成书与流行等三个部分对黑水城不同版本以及黑水城、敦煌版本间的比较,确定黑水城版本来源于唐朝以来流行的《父母恩重经》的删减本。黑水城《父母恩重经》受到来自河西和中原等传统儒家文化的共同影响,其内容符合中国道德标准,主要强调报恩思想,宣扬儒教孝道思想,以及对不孝顺父母可怕后果的表现。《父母恩重经》的流行既与唐以来统治者推崇儒家文化,推崇儒释道三教的发展有关,也与佛教自觉适应中土思想文化、寻求与中土文化的相互融合吸收有关,是佛教中国化的具体表现。
“The Buddha said that the graciousness of parenting” is a Buddhist scripture prevalent in the Tang Dynasty. It emerged from the confrontation and integration of Buddhism and Confucianism. Though there is no tradition of parenting, the concept of its connotation is more in line with China’s filial piety and moral standards and the characteristics of Buddhist faith. Therefore, the popular folk songs in Tang and Song dynasties became popular and appeared in different versions and similarities Of the famous names, such as “the Buddha said that after the graciousness of parents,” “reported the grace of parents,” “the big newspaper parents grace” and “the Buddha said the parents rebuked by the grace,” the existing books, journals, lithographs, etc. . In Heishui City, there are different versions of the Buddhist or Hanyuan scriptures such as Chinese or Xixiawen, or the Buddha’s report of parenting grace. This article from Dunhuang, Blackwater City, “Parents Grace heavy by” version comparison, “Parents Grace by” into the book and the popular three parts of the different versions of Blackwater City and the comparison of the Blackwater City, Dunhuang version, to determine the version of Blackwater City from the Tang Since the beginning of the popular “Parents Grace” after the cut. Affected by the traditional Confucian culture such as Hexi and Central Plains, Heishui City’s “Parenting of Gracefulness and Meridianism” is in line with the Chinese moral standards. It mainly emphasizes the idea of gratuity, preaches Confucianism’s filial piety and manifests the terrible consequences of unfilial parents. The popularity of “Parents and Gracefulness” is not only related to the Confucian culture promoted by the rulers since the Tang Dynasty but also to the development of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. It is also related to Buddhism’s adaptation to the thinking and culture of China The concrete manifestation of the sinicization of Buddhism.