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目的了解肺炎链球菌所致脑炎/脑膜炎病例的流行病学和临床特征。方法对河北脑炎、脑膜炎监测点2007-2011年报告的病例流行病学调查,并采集急性期血清和脑脊液,采用荧光定量PCR方法检测肺炎球菌。结果 2007年5月-2012年5月报告的1 812例脑炎/脑膜炎病例中检测到肺炎链球菌27株,男女性别比为1.7:1,平均年龄9岁,75.2%的病例集中在15岁以下儿童,一年四季都有病例发生,但冬、春、夏季相对较多。96.3%的病例在标本采集前使用了抗生素。平均每个病例伴有5种以上的临床症状及体征;平均每个病例住院24 d。结论由肺炎链球菌引起的脑炎/脑膜炎主要侵犯低龄儿童,而且会引发较为严重的临床表现,建议将肺炎链球菌相关疫苗纳入国家免疫规划,以减少肺炎链球菌相关疾病的发生。
Objective To understand the epidemiological and clinical features of cases of pneumococcal encephalitis / meningitis. Methods The epidemiological investigation of Hebei encephalitis and meningitis from 2007 to 2011 was conducted. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected from acute stage and the pneumococci were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results A total of 27 strains of S. pneumoniae were detected in 1 812 cases of encephalitis and meningitis reported from May 2007 to May 2012. The average age was 9 years and the ratio of male to female was 1.7: 1. The prevalence of 75.2% was 15 Children under the age, there are cases throughout the year, but winter, spring and summer are relatively more. 96.3% of cases used antibiotics prior to specimen collection. Each case with an average of more than 5 kinds of clinical symptoms and signs; the average hospitalization for 24 days each case. Conclusions Encephalitis / meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae mainly inflicts on young children and may lead to more severe clinical manifestations. It is suggested that the Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated vaccine should be included in the national immunization program to reduce the incidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae-related diseases.