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Objective To explore the value of epidural injection of hydromorphone for postoperative analgesia after cesarean sec-tion. Methods 98 patients with cesarean section in our hospital from April 2019 to April 2020 were selected and divided in-to observation group and control group according to the order of admission. The control group was given a large dose of 0. 6 mg hydromorphone, and the observation group was given a small dose of 0. 4mg hydromorphone. The postoperative pain score, postoperative complications,and patients' recognition of analgesia were compared between the two groups. Results The pain scores of the observation group were (2. 30±0. 45), (2. 50±0. 33), (2. 98±0. 73) at 4 h, 8 h, and 12 h after operation, which were better than those in the control group. The analgesic satisfaction of the observation group was 93. 88％,and that of the control group was 71. 43％. The analgesic effect of the observation group was better, and the inci-dence of postoperative complications was 10. 20％ in the observation group and 26. 52％ in the control group. The situation of SAS and SDS in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion The use of a small dose of 0. 4 mg hydromorphone epidural injection, can effectively improve postpartum pain of puerpera, and improve satisfaction of maternal analgesia, while reducing the incidence of postoperative complications of maternal, with clinical re-search value, worthy of promotion in clinical medicine.