作文构思的过程,往往是发散(扩散)思维和收束(聚合)思维反复提炼的过程。发散思维在议论文中主要是多角度思维。多角度思维从思维的方向性来说,主要是横向、纵向、正向、逆向思维。因此,“四向”思维构思法,在议论文的构思中占有重要的地位。下面试以1991年全国高考议论文考试题为例,谈谈“四向”思维构思法。先把试题抄录于下。某班开辩论会,一方的观点是“近墨者黑”,一方 The process of writing a composition is often a process of diverging (diffusing) thinking and collecting (aggregating) thinking. Divergent thinking is mainly multi-angle thinking in argumentation. From the perspective of thinking, multi-angle thinking is mainly horizontal, vertical, positive, and reverse thinking. Therefore, the “four-way” thinking conception method occupies an important position in the conception of argumentation. The following test will be based on the 1991 National High School Entrance Examination Examination as an example to talk about the “four-way” thinking concept. First copy the test question below. When a class opens a debate, one side’s point of view is that “near inkers are black” and one side