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油气层序地层学是在地震地层学、层序地层学、石油地质学基础上发展起来的一门综合性新型边缘学科。它实质上是一种含油气层序分析学，在等时地层格架内对油气层序进行成因单元分析。它应用地震层序地层、测井层序地层、露头层序地层分析方法，采用计算机技术和模拟技术研究含油气盆地的地层层序，进行地层对比、盆地生储盖组合和含油气系统分析，进而指出有利的油气勘探方向，特别是非构造油气藏的勘探方向。源于海相含油气盆地的油气层序地层学的基本原理和研究方法，同样也适用于过渡相和陆相含油气盆地。
Hydrocarbon sequence stratigraphy is a comprehensive new edge discipline developed on the basis of seismic stratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy and petroleum geology. It is essentially a hydrocarbon-bearing sequence analysis that analyzes the genesis unit of the hydrocarbon sequence in the isochronal stratigraphic framework. It applies the seismic sequence stratigraphy, logging sequence stratigraphy and outcrop sequence stratigraphic analysis method to study the stratigraphic sequence of the petroliferous basins using computer technology and simulation technology, stratigraphic correlation, basin-reservoir-cap assemblage and petroleum system analysis, Then it points out the favorable exploration direction of oil and gas, especially the exploration of non-structural reservoirs. The basic principles and research methods of oil-gas sequence stratigraphy originating from marine petroliferous basins also apply to transitional and continental hydrocarbon-bearing basins.