血管平滑肌细胞增殖是动脉粥样硬化、高血压和血管成形术后再狭窄等心血管疾病的核心病理过程。寻找平滑肌细胞增殖的刺激因子和抑制因子将有助于对其发病机制的研究和防治工作，故该研究已成为近年文献报道中的热点．本文概述了肝素、前列腺素、ｃＡＭＰ、钙通道阻滞剂、干扰素和雌激素等血管平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制剂的主要作用和研究进展。 Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation is the core pathological process of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and restenosis after angioplasty. Finding the stimulator and inhibitor of smooth muscle cell proliferation will be helpful to its pathogenesis research and prevention and cure work. Therefore, this research has become a hot spot in the literature in recent years. This article outlines the major roles and advances of inhibitors of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation such as heparin, prostaglandins, cAMP, calcium channel blockers, interferons and estrogens.