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本文对雄性品种选育进行了连续三年的探索研究,选育出与美味猕猴桃〔Actinidia deliciosa(A.Chev.)C.F.Liang et A.R.Ferguson〕雌性良种‘东山峰78-16’、‘东山峰79-09’适配的雄性良种‘湘峰83-06’、‘湘峰83-11’以及与中华猕猴桃〔Actinidia chinensis Planch.〕雌性良种‘庐山79-2’等适配的雄性良种‘岳-3’、‘岳-9’。通过雄性品种选育的实践,认为直接从野生资源或人工播种的自然实生雄株群体中选育优良雄株是快速有效的雄株选育方法;提出了雄性品种选育的主要内容和可能达到的各项目标;强调雌、雄花期一致是雄株选育的先决条件,授粉试验则是最终验证和筛选出最佳雌雄组合的重要环节。建议对某些具有综合优良性状,但目前尚无适配雌性系而暂未入选的雄株,应作为种质资源认真保护。此外,为增加果园中雄株的开花量和减少雄株在架面上占据的空间,建议雄株的冬季修剪量应比雌株轻,修剪时期主要在谢花后立即进行,以培养来年良好的开花母枝。
In this paper, three years of exploration and research on male breeding have been carried out. Breeding male sex breeds such as Actinidia deliciosa (A.Chev.) CFLiang et ARFerguson, ’Dongshanfeng 78-16’, ’Dongshanfeng79 The male-adapted elite male line Xiangcong 83-06 and Xiangfeng 83-11 and male lines such as Actinidia chinensis Planch. 3 ’,’ Yue -9 ’. Through the practice of male variety breeding, it is considered that the selection of excellent male plants directly from wild or artificial sowing male plants is a fast and effective breeding method for male plants. The main contents of male breeding and possible breeding The emphasis is put on the consistency of the female and the male is the prerequisite of the male plant breeding. The pollination test is an important part of the final verification and screening of the best male-male combination. It is suggested that for some male plants which have comprehensive superior traits but are not yet selected for the fit female line, they should be carefully protected as germplasm resources. In addition, in order to increase the flowering of male plants in the orchard and to reduce the space occupied by male plants on the shelves, it is recommended that the winter pruning amount of the male plants should be lighter than that of the female plants. The pruning period should be carried out immediately after the glorification, Flowering branch.