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Bacterial growth potential(BGP) method and two parallel pilot-scale biofilters were used to investigate phosphorus limitation and itseffect on the removal of organic matters in biofiltration for drinking water treatment. Addition of phosphorus can substantially increase the BGPsof the samples. Its effect was equivalent to that of addition of a mixture of various inorganic nutrients including phosphorus. The biofilter withphosphate added into its influent performed a higher biological stability of the effluent and a higher CODMn removal than the control filter. Theseresults suggested that phosphorus was the limiting nutrient in the biofiltration and the removal efficiency of organic matters could be improved byadding phosphate into the influent.