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银杏及其叶的药用在我国早有记载,传统医学以果为主,进入70年代以来,国内外对银杏及其叶的研究有了重大进展,植物学研究表明,银杏叶中含3种双黄酮,即银杏黄素,异银杏黄素和白果黄素,此外,还分离出异鼠李黄素,山柰黄素,槲皮黄素等,银杏叶中还含有苦味素,称为银杏酯A、B、C及白果内酯,这是一种二萜类衍生物,这些苦味素的生物活性,是目前新的研究课题。药理学研究揭示了上述有效成份具有许多独特的药效,用叶中的黄酮类物质注射兔动脉,能增加颈动脉及血管的血流量,大剂量的动脉注射能使豚鼠及家兔的血压降低,离体豚鼠心脏灌流实验也证明,山柰黄素、槲皮黄素及异鼠李黄素能扩张动脉冠状血管、增加冠脉流量、临床研究表明,银杏叶提取物制的“冠心酮”片,能明显降低血清胆固醇、升高血清磷脂,改善血清胆固醇及磷脂的比例,银杏叶与总黄酮甙类对豚鼠离体肠平滑肌有解痉作用,能抗组织
The medicinal properties of Ginkgo biloba and its leaves have long been documented in China, and traditional medicine is mainly fruitful. Since the 1970s, research on Ginkgo biloba and its leaves has made significant progress at home and abroad. Botany studies have shown that Ginkgo biloba contains three species. Biflavonoids, namely ginkgo-flavin, iso-ginkgetin and ginkgo-flavonoids, in addition, isoniazidrin, hawthorn-flavin, quercetin, etc., and ginkgo-biloba also contain bittersin, called ginkgo-ester A, B, C and Biclolactone, a diterpenoid derivative, are the new research topics for the biological activity of these bitterins. Pharmacological studies revealed that the above active ingredients have many unique medicinal effects. Injection of rabbit flavonoids in leaves can increase the blood flow of the carotid artery and blood vessels. High-dose arterial injection can reduce blood pressure in guinea pigs and rabbits. In vitro guinea pig heart perfusion experiments also demonstrated that hawthorn, quercetin, and isorhamnetin can dilate arterial coronary vessels and increase coronary flow. Clinical studies have shown that ginkgo biloba leaf extract is made of “coronitoneone.” Tablets, can significantly reduce serum cholesterol, increase serum phospholipids, improve the ratio of serum cholesterol and phospholipids, Ginkgo biloba leaves and total flavonoids have antispasmodic effect on isolated guinea pig intestinal smooth muscle, can resist tissue