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组蛋白是真核生物核染色体的重要构成成分。由组蛋白修饰所引起的染色体局部构象的改变,在真核生物基因表达调控中发挥着重要的作用。组蛋白的翻译后修饰构成了组蛋白密码。组蛋白密码作为一种DNA序列之外的基因信息的储存和补充机制,大大扩充了基因编码的信息。其中,组蛋白的乙酰化修饰是目前研究最为深刻的组蛋白密码。组蛋白的乙酰化状态由两类酶来决定,即组蛋白乙酰化转移酶(histone acetyltransferases,HAT)和组蛋白去乙酰化酶(histone deacetylases,HDAC)。
Histones are important components of eukaryotic nuclear chromosomes. Changes in the local conformation of chromosomes caused by histone modifications play an important role in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Post-translational modifications of histones make up the histone code. Histone code, as a mechanism for storing and replenishing gene information outside of DNA sequences, greatly expands the information that a gene encodes. Among them, the acetylation of histone is the most studied histone code. The acetylation status of histones is determined by two types of enzymes: histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs).