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小麦抗叶锈基因Ｌｒ９、Ｌｒ２４对目前我国叶锈菌优势致病类型均表现高度抵抗。本研究选用抗叶锈育种圃高代品系，利用ＰＣＲ方法对Ｌｒ９和Ｌｒ２４基因进行分子标记诊断，探索分子标记在小麦抗叶锈育种中进行标记辅助选择的可行性。结果表明，在４８份供试材料中，可扩增出与Ｌｒ９基因连锁的 １ｋｂ ＤＮＡ片段的１７份材料均表现抗病，表明它们携带有抗叶锈基因Ｌｒ９；可扩增出与Ｌｒ２４基因连锁的０．３５ ｋｂ ＤＮＡ片段的１２份材料也均表现抗病，表明它们携带有抗叶锈基因Ｌｒ２４；其中一个基因累加杂交组合 Ｆ_１代可同时检测到 Ｌｒ９和 Ｌｒ２４两个基因；另有１２份抗病材料中未检测到 Ｌｒ９或 Ｌｒ２４基因，表明可能携带其它的抗叶锈基因； ６个高度感病材料均未检测到Ｌｒｇ或Ｌｒ２４基因。利用这两个抗叶锈基因的ＰＣＲ标记从Ｌｒ９／Ｌｒ２４基因累加杂交组合Ｆ_２代中选出了含有两个抗叶锈基因的个体，实现了两个抗叶锈基因的积累。说明利用这两个ＰＣ标记可以快速，准确，可靠地鉴别小麦育种材料中的Ｌｒ９和Ｌｒ２４抗叶锈基因，在小麦抗病基因的标记辅助选择和基因累加中有很好的应用潜力。
The leaf rust resistance genes Lr9 and Lr24 of wheat showed high resistance to the predominant pathogenic types of leaf rust in China. In this study, we selected the elite line of leaf rust resistant breeding nursery and used PCR to diagnose Lr9 and Lr24 genes and explored the feasibility of marker-assisted selection of molecular markers in wheat leaf rust-resistant breeding. The results showed that among the 48 tested materials, 17 of the 1 kb DNA fragments linked to Lr9 gene were resistant to disease, indicating that they carried the anti-leaf rust gene Lr9, which could be linked to the Lr24 gene Of the 0.35 kb DNA fragment also showed resistance to disease, indicating that they carried the leaf rust resistance gene Lr24. One of the gene additive hybrid F1 combinations could detect both Lr9 and Lr24 genes and another 12 No Lr9 or Lr24 genes were detected in disease-resistant materials, indicating that other leaf rust resistance genes may be carried; none of the six highly susceptible materials detected Lrg or Lr24 genes. Two anti-leaf rust genes were selected from the F2 generation of the Lr9 / Lr24 crosses with PCR markers of these two leaf rust resistance genes to achieve the accumulation of two leaf rust resistance genes. These two PC markers can be used to identify the rust resistant genes of Lr9 and Lr24 in wheat breeding materials rapidly and accurately, which has good potential in marker-assisted selection and gene accumulation of wheat disease-resistance genes.