众所周知,控制工程专业中最基本的工具是反馈回路,如下围所示。它由5个基本环节组成：被控制的过程；传感器(或仪表),它测量过程状态；变送器,它将测量数据转换为电信号；控制器,它判断这个过程状态是否可以被接受；执行器(终端控制元件),它根据控制器给出的命令,对过程施加一个矫正动作。这个测量→判断→执行的过程按需要不断重复,直到达到所期望的过程状态。 As we all know, the most basic tool in control engineering is the feedback loop, as shown below. It consists of five basic components: a controlled process; a sensor (or meter) that measures the status of the process; a transmitter that converts the measured data to an electrical signal; a controller that determines if the process status is acceptable; Actuator (terminal control element) that applies a corrective action to the process based on the commands given by the controller. This measurement → Judgment → The process of execution is repeated as needed until the desired process state is reached.