Objective To understand the current status and trends of tuberculosis mortality rates in China.Methods In 2010,161 National Disease Surveillance Points representing all 31 mainland provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions of China collected tuberculosis mortality surveillance data,including age,sex,region,and type of tuberculosis (all,pulmonary,and extra-pulmonary).The mortality rates of the three types of tuberculosis were compared between 2004 and 2010.Results In 2010,the mortality rates due to all tuberculosis,pulmonary tuberculosis,and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis were 4.69 (95％ Cl 4.54-4.84),4.38 (4.23-4.52),and 0.31 (0.27-0.35) per 100 000 population,respectively.Mortality rates due to all tuberculosis and pulmonary tuberculosis were higher in males,the elderly,and those living in western and rural areas.From 2004 to 2010,the mortality rates due to all tuberculosis and pulmonary tuberculosis decreased by 36.02％ and 37.70％,respectively,with an average annual rate of decline of 7.20％ and 7.61％,respectively.Conclusion Mortality rates due to tuberculosis have declined rapidly in China.The target of reducing the 1990 mortality rate by 50％ by 2015 has already been achieved.However,the tuberculosis control program should pay more attention to high-risk groups,including the elderly and those living in underdeveloped areas.