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巴赫金对俄国形式主义的理论是持批判态度的。然而,他却又同时成功地将俄国形式主义文学理念付诸文艺研究实践中,更深刻地揭示作品的“文学性”。巴赫金超越俄国形式主义者对“文学性”的狭隘理解,将其引向一个更高的层次,即艺术作品整体的艺术世界。按巴赫金一贯坚持的“对话”与“交往”理论,这个整体艺术世界包含读者、作者和作品三个方面的价值交往和碰撞。他所追寻的,是作者有意识地灌注于作品中的,通过作品形式结构因素充分而独特地艺术化了的,并与作品的阅读者的审美感知发生强烈共鸣的一种内在的东西。这就是巴赫金所理解的艺术整体的意义。它立足于研究作品形式,却不囤于形式。因此,巴赫金对作家作品的艺术形式研究包含着一种深刻的意识形态性。
Bakhtin’s theory of Russian formalism is a critical attitude. However, at the same time, however, he successfully put the concept of Russian formalistic literature into literary and art research and more deeply revealed the “literary nature” of his works. Bakhtin transcends the narrow understanding of the “literary nature” of the Russian formalists and leads it to a higher level, namely, the art world as a whole. According to Bakhtin’s consistent theory of “dialogue” and “interaction”, this whole world of art contains the value interaction and collision of readers, authors and works. What he pursues is an intrinsic thing which the artist consciously infuses into his works and which is artfully and exclusively artificially structured through the formal factors of the works and strongly resonates with the aesthetic perception of the readers of the works. This is the meaning of Bakhtin’s art as a whole. It based on the form of research work, but not stored in the form. Therefore, Bakhtin’s study of the art forms of writers’ works embodies a profound ideology.