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目的：了解细胞凋亡的光镜和超微结构特征，调查小儿常见恶性肿瘤细胞凋亡的程度。方法：光镜观察４２例小儿恶性肿瘤的ＨＥ染色组织切片和电镜观察１１例新鲜肿瘤标本切片，计算凋亡指数和分裂指数。结果：所有肿瘤均有程度不同的细胞凋亡，其形态特征为细胞皱缩，核密度增高，核断裂成几片，可见凋亡小体，凋亡细胞散在分布，无炎症反应。凋亡指数以神经母细胞瘤最高，为９．１３±４．７２，以下依次为肾母细胞瘤、淋巴瘤和横纹肌肉瘤，而肝母细胞瘤最低，仅０．４７±０．３１。结论：细胞凋亡有独特的形态特征，凋亡程度可能与肿瘤类型有关。
Objective: To understand the light microscopic and ultrastructural features of apoptosis and to investigate the degree of apoptosis in common malignant tumors in children. Methods: The specimens of 42 cases of pediatric malignant tumors were observed under light microscope and the sections of fresh tumor samples were observed under electron microscope. The apoptosis index and the index of division were calculated. Results: All of the tumors had different degrees of apoptosis. The morphological features of the tumors were cell shrinkage, nuclear density increase and nucleus rupture into several pieces. The apoptotic bodies and apoptotic cells were scattered and showed no inflammatory reaction. The apoptotic index was the highest neuroblastoma, 9.13 ± 4.72, followed by nephroblastoma, lymphoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, while the lowest hepatoblastoma, only 0.47 ± 0.31. Conclusion: Apoptosis has a unique morphological characteristics, the degree of apoptosis may be related to tumor type.