目的了解新疆奎屯市围绝经期及绝经后妇女骨密度(BMD)水平以及骨质疏松(OP)的患病率,分析影响OP的有关因素。方法采用分层整群概率比率的方法在新疆奎屯市抽取8个群体,对733名40～65岁围绝经期妇女进行问卷调查和BMD测定。结果①OP的患病率为30.3%。50岁以上个年龄组患病率明显高于40岁组(P<0.001)。城市妇女OP患病率明显高于农村妇女(P<0.001)。②绝经组BMD均值为0.603±0.120,未绝经组BMD均值为0.798±0.111(P<0.001)。③与BMD呈显著正相关的因素有:体重、生育年龄、每日钙剂补充、饮牛奶、锻炼。呈显著负相关的因素有:年龄、生育次数、哺乳时间、吸烟。结论围绝经期及绝经后妇女BMD变化的原因主要是受年龄、绝经因素的影响。预防OP应提倡加强锻炼、饮用牛奶、每日补充钙剂、不吸烟等。 Objective To understand the bone mineral density (BMD) and the prevalence of osteoporosis (OP) in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in Kuitun City of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and to analyze the related factors affecting OP. Methods A stratified population probability ratio method was used to extract 8 groups in Kuitun, Xinjiang, and 733 women aged 40-65 years were surveyed by questionnaire and BMD. Results ① The prevalence of OP was 30.3%. The prevalence of age over 50 years old was significantly higher than that of 40 years old (P <0.001). The prevalence of OP in urban women was significantly higher than that in rural women (P <0.001). ② The average BMD of menopause group was 0.603 ± 0.120, and the mean BMD of non-menopausal group was 0.798 ± 0.111 (P <0.001). ③ Significantly positive correlation with BMD factors: weight, childbearing age, daily calcium supplement, drinking milk, exercise. The factors that were significantly negatively correlated were age, number of births, breastfeeding time and smoking. Conclusions The causes of BMD changes in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are mainly affected by age and menopause factors. Prevention of OP should advocate strengthening exercise, drinking milk, daily calcium supplement, no smoking and so on.