本文回顾了第二次世界大战结束时留在德国的作家与远在美国的流亡作家托马斯·曼之间“大争论”的史实。“大争论”集中讨论了德国人是否应对纳粹德国的行为负有责任。与托马斯·曼长期深刻反思纳粹产生根源相反,留在德国的作家对纳粹罪恶的原因更多持回避态度。托马斯·曼让德国人意识到不能刻意规避对这段历史的责任,对德国社会后来罪责根源的探讨产生持续影响。 This article reviews the historical facts about the “big controversy” between the writer who stayed in Germany at the end of the Second World War and Thomas Mann, the exiled writer in the United States. The Great Controversy focused on whether the Germans should be held responsible for the actions of Nazi Germany. Contrary to Thomas Mann’s long-standing and profound reflection on the origins of the Nazis, the writers left in Germany were more circumvented about the causes of Nazi crimes. Thomas Mann German realized that he could not deliberately evade his responsibility to this period of history and had a continuous influence on the later exploration of the root causes of the crimes in German society.