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奥氏体不锈钢是难加工的材料。通过在传统的奥氏体不锈钢中添加硫、稀土和铋,经过钢锭熔炼、切削试验、组织性能检测,对其切削性能和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,奥氏体不锈钢中的夹杂物主要由MnS组成。稀土包裹在MnS中,金属夹杂物铋以尾状物附于MnS的两端。稀土具有明显的变质作用,易切削奥氏体不锈钢中的夹杂物大部分呈球状或纺锤状。硫、稀土和铋合金元素的添加降低了切削力、减轻了刀具的磨损、改善了切屑的形状。所开发的合金获得了极好的切削性能。由于硫和铋都是软的相,在变形过程中它们并不诱发裂纹的形成。呈球状的夹杂物不仅有利于切削性能的改善,而且还有利于钢获得良好的力学性能。
Austenitic stainless steel is a difficult to machine material. The cutting performance and mechanical properties of the austenitic stainless steel were studied by adding sulfur, rare earth and bismuth to traditional austenitic stainless steel through ingot smelting, cutting test and microstructure testing. The results show that inclusions in austenitic stainless steel are mainly composed of MnS. Rare earths are encapsulated in MnS, and bismuth, a metal inclusion, is attached to both ends of MnS in tail form. Rare earth has obvious metamorphism, easy cutting austenitic stainless steel inclusions are mostly spherical or spindle-shaped. The addition of sulfur, rare earth and bismuth alloy elements reduces cutting forces, reduces tool wear and improves chip shape. The developed alloy achieved excellent cutting performance. Since both sulfur and bismuth are soft phases, they do not induce crack formation during deformation. The spherical inclusions not only help to improve the cutting performance, but also conducive to obtain good mechanical properties of steel.