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受经济发展模式和改革滞后等因素的影响,我国经济结构失衡问题呈现出加剧的趋势:高能耗、高污染产业比重过高;国内外需求结构不合理;高增长与低就业的矛盾日趋严重等。这些结构性问题对我国经济发展的可持续性形成严重制约。经济快速增长过程中的结构失衡是发展中国家的普遍现象,但体制机制等方面存在的问题使得我国经济发展中的结构性问题更加突出。从短期来看,解决结构失衡和经济快速增长矛盾的重点是有效控制结构失衡可能诱发的高风险点;从长期来看,重点是要转变经济增长方式,解决造成经济结构性矛盾的体制机制问题:积极探索市场经济条件下国家产业政策的运行机制;打破地方和行业的行政垄断;提高企业的自主创新能力;完善资本市场和产权交易市场;加快第三产业发展;完善高耗能产业发展的制度等。
Affected by such factors as the mode of economic development and the lagging reform, the unbalanced economic structure in our country shows an aggravating trend: the proportion of high-energy-consuming and high-polluting industries is too high; the structure of demand both at home and abroad is irrational; and the contradiction between high-growth and low-employment increasingly serious . These structural problems have severely restricted the sustainability of our economic development. The structural imbalance in the process of rapid economic growth is a common phenomenon in developing countries. However, problems in the institutional mechanisms have made the structural problems in our economic development even more prominent. In the short term, the key to resolving the contradictions between structural imbalance and rapid economic growth is to effectively control the high-risk points that structural imbalances may induce. In the long run, the key point is to change the mode of economic growth and solve the institutional mechanism that causes structural contradictions in the economy : Actively explore the operating mechanism of national industrial policies under the condition of market economy; break the administrative monopoly of local and industrial sectors; improve the capability of independent innovation of enterprises; improve the capital markets and property rights trading markets; speed up the development of the tertiary industry; improve the development of high energy-consuming industries System and so on.