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为探明水氮调控对膜下滴灌棉花的生长特性、产量构成因素以及水氮利用效率的影响,设置了3个灌溉水量和5个氮素水平进行大田棉花膜下滴灌试验.结果表明:随着灌溉水量的增加,棉花的株高、主茎叶数、果枝数和叶面积指数显著增加,棉花叶、茎干物质积累增加,但抑制了根系生长,与低(4950 mm·hm-2)和高(6750 mm·hm-2)灌水量处理相比,中灌水量(5850 mm·hm-2)处理平均单株有效铃数和单铃质量分别增加0.96、0.4个和0.22、0.11 g.与其他施氮处理相比,施氮量为300 kg·hm-2时棉花茎直径显著增加,促进了棉花蕾、铃和根系的发育,而且在灌水量为5850 mm·hm-2条件下,棉花干物质由营养器官向生殖器官的分配比灌水量为4950和6750 mm·hm-2处理分别增加5.1%和29.6%.灌溉水量对棉花产量有显著影响,对衣分率影响不显著,而施氮量对棉花产量和衣分率都有一定的影响,但灌溉水量过低会抑制氮肥增产效应的发挥.在本试验条件下,灌水量为5850 mm·hm-2、施氮量为300 kg·hm-2时,棉花生长健壮,株型结构优化,显著促进了干物质向生殖器官的运转,有效铃数、单铃质量和衣分增加,产量达到最高(6992 kg·hm-2),水分利用效率和氮肥利用率分别达1.45 kg·m-3和45.9%.
In order to find out the effects of water and nitrogen regulation on the growth characteristics, yield components and water and nitrogen use efficiency of cotton under drip irrigation, 3 irrigation water and 5 nitrogen levels were set up to test the drip irrigation of cotton field. The results showed that With the increase of irrigation water, the plant height, the number of main stems, the number of fruit branches and the leaf area index of cotton increased significantly, while the accumulation of dry matter of cotton leaves and stems increased, but inhibited the root growth. Compared with the low (4950 mm · hm-2) Compared with high irrigation (6750 mm · hm-2), the average number of effective bolls and single bell increased by 0.96, 0.4 and 0.22, 0.11 g respectively in middle irrigation (5850 mm · hm-2). Compared with other N treatments, the stem diameter of cotton increased significantly at the nitrogen application rate of 300 kg · hm-2, which promoted the development of cotton buds, bolls and roots. When the irrigation amount was 5850 mm · hm-2, The distribution of dry matter from vegetative organs to reproductive organs increased by 5.1% and 29.6%, respectively, compared with the treatments of 4950 and 6750 mm · hm-2. The irrigation water had a significant effect on the cotton yield, The amount of nitrogen fertilizer on the cotton yield and clothing fraction have a certain impact, but the irrigation water is too low will inhibit Under the experimental conditions, when the irrigation amount was 5850 mm · hm-2 and the nitrogen application rate was 300 kg · hm-2, the cotton grew robustly and the plant structure was optimized, which significantly promoted the growth of dry matter to reproductive The operation of organs, the effective number of bolls, the quality of single bell and the increase of lint yield reached the highest (6992 kg · hm-2), and the water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency reached 1.45 kg · m-3 and 45.9% respectively.