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20世纪70年代初,德国劳动和社会学家梅尔腾斯(Mertens)在对劳动市场与劳动者的职业适应性进行研究时提出了“关键能力”概念,并将其看做是“进入日益复杂的和不可预测的世界的工具”,是“促进社会变革的一种策略”,在西方社会和教育界引起高度关注。尽管他的英年早逝给教育界留下了许多迄今未能了结的话题,但关键能力及其后续关于职业能力的研究在理论上有许多突破,如能力结构与要素已成为西方、乃至世界许多国家认可的现代职业教育观念,成为课程开发和教学改革的重要指导思想。
In the early 1970s, Germany’s labor and sociologist Mertens proposed the concept of “key competencies” in his study of the occupational adaptability of labor markets and workers as “increasingly Complex and unpredictable world ”is“ a strategy to promote social change ”and draws great attention in western society and education circles. Although his premature death has left the education world with so many outstanding topics to date, there are theoretically many breakthroughs in the key competencies and their follow-up studies on professional competence. For example, the structure of capabilities and elements have become the western and even the world The concept of modern vocational education recognized by many countries has become an important guiding ideology for curriculum development and teaching reform.