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宏观经济结构的调整和优化是实现国民经济稳步持续增长的重要保证。马克思的两大部类再生产模型科学地界定了宏观经济结构及其与资本有机构成、剩余价值率和利润率等重要变量之间的动态关系,是马克思主义政治经济学分析宏观经济结构的重要工具之一。在探析从投入产出表到两大部类宏观模型的对应关系的基础上,我们利用中国2000年至2010年投入产出表的数据构建了一个中国宏观经济结构的两部类模型,并对其中的生产资料部类与消费资料部类的结构、收入分配结构和总需求结构及其与资本—工资率、利润—工资率、利润率的动态关系进行了经验分析。研究发现:中国宏观经济结构的经验数据及其变化趋势与马克思主义经济学理论所预期的基本一致,说明马克思的两大部类再生产模型对现实经济具有很好的解释和预测能力,可以为宏观经济分析和管理提供坚实的理论基础。
The adjustment and optimization of the macroeconomic structure is an important guarantee for the steady and sustained growth of the national economy. The two major types of reproduction models of Marx scientifically defined the dynamic relationship between the macroeconomic structure and its important variables such as organic composition of capital, surplus value rate and profit rate, which are important tools for the analysis of macroeconomic structure by Marxist political economy one. Based on the analysis of the corresponding relationship between input-output tables and two macro-models, we use the input-output tables of China from 2000 to 2010 to construct a two-part model of China’s macroeconomic structure. The structure of the means of production and consumption, the structure of the income distribution and the structure of aggregate demand, as well as their dynamic relationship with the capital-wage rate, profit-wage rate and profit rate, are empirically analyzed. The findings show that the empirical data and trend of changes in China’s macroeconomic structure are basically the same as those expected from Marxist economic theory. It shows that Marx’s two major types of reproduction models have a good ability to explain and predict the real economy, Economic analysis and management provide a solid theoretical foundation.