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目的了解我国部分食品(玉米、花生、大米、核桃、松子)中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的污染情况,为国家食品限量标准及国际相应控制规范的制定提供基本科学依据。方法2003年10月从重庆、福建、广东、广西、湖北、江苏、上海、浙江等地区共采集市售玉米、花生、大米、核桃、松子等样品284份。碾磨后经乙腈/水提取、过滤,提取液净化后,经三氟乙酸衍生,进行高效液相色谱测定。结果玉米中黄曲霉毒素的检出率为70·27%,平均含量为36·51μg/kg,最高为1098·36μg/kg,并有14·86%的玉米样品中黄曲霉毒素B1含量超出国家限量标准。花生中黄曲霉毒素的检出率为24·24%,平均含量为80·27μg/kg,最高为437·09μg/kg,且有3·03%的花生样品中黄曲霉毒素含量超出国家及国际食品法典限量标准。大米、核桃、松子的污染情况较轻,全部符合国家限量标准。结论玉米和花生是我国受黄曲霉毒素污染的主要食品。食品中黄曲霉毒素B1并不能全面代表总黄曲霉毒素的污染情况。进行食品中总黄曲霉毒素的污染监测,对国家制定食品限量标准及国际相应控制规范具有重要的现实意义。
Objective To understand the contamination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in some foods (corn, peanut, rice, walnuts, pine nuts) in China and provide the basic scientific basis for the formulation of the national food limitation standards and the corresponding international control regulations. Methods In October 2003, 284 samples of corn, peanut, rice, walnut and pine nuts were collected from Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang. After milling by acetonitrile / water extraction, filtration, purification of the extract, the trifluoroacetic acid derived high performance liquid chromatography. Results The detection rate of aflatoxins in corn was 70.27%, the average content was 36.51μg / kg and the highest was 1098.36μg / kg, and the content of aflatoxin B1 in corn was 14.86% Limited standard. The detection rate of aflatoxins in peanut was 24.24%, the average content was 80.27μg / kg, the highest was 437.09μg / kg, and the content of aflatoxin in peanut samples was 3.03% higher than national and international Codex Alimentarius. Rice, walnuts, pine nuts pollution lighter, all in line with national standards. Conclusion Corn and peanut are the main food contaminated by aflatoxin in China. Aflatoxin B1 in food does not fully represent the total aflatoxin contamination. The monitoring of the total aflatoxins contamination in foodstuffs has important practical significance for the country to formulate the food limited standards and the corresponding international control regulations.