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为宁南地区马铃薯种植中高效利用有限降雨提供参考,通过使用生物炭改良土壤理化性状,比较不同用量生物炭对土壤水分保蓄能力的影响,明确生物炭在宁南地区的合理用量。结果表明:在宁南山区,生物炭对马铃薯土壤物理性状及水分运移有明显影响,可显著提高马铃薯耕层土壤田间持水量和含水量,降低土壤容重,增加毛管孔隙度,进而提高土壤水分利用效率,实现高产。马铃薯生产中生物炭的最佳施用量为20t/hm2,该条件下田间持水量为14.91%,比对照(空白)提高1.23~3.07百分点;容重1.24g/cm3,比对照增加0.01~0.18g/cm3;毛管孔隙度18.38%,较对照增加0.65~1.36百分点;提高马铃薯单株结薯个数、单株块茎重、单薯重、商品薯率;马铃薯平均产量2 480kg/667m2,水分利用效率85.92kg/(hm2·mm),产量和水分利用效率较对照分别增加49.04%和48.14%。
This paper provides references for the efficient use of limited rainfall in south Ningxia. By using biochar to improve the physical and chemical properties of soils, the effects of different biochar levels on soil water retention capacity were compared, and the rational use of biochar in Ningnan was clarified. The results showed that biochar significantly affected soil physical properties and water transport of potato in the south of Ningxia, which could significantly increase the field water holding capacity and water content of potato topsoil, reduce soil bulk density, increase capillary porosity and further increase soil moisture Utilize efficiency to achieve high yields. The optimal biochar application rate was 20t / hm2 in potato production, and the field water holding capacity was 14.91% under this condition, 1.23 ~ 3.07 percentage points higher than the control (blank); the bulk density was 1.24g / cm3, increased by 0.01 ~ 0.18g / cm 3; capillary porosity 18.38%, increased by 0.65 ~ 1.36 percentage points compared with the control; increased the number of potato tubers per plant, tuber weight per plant, single potato weight, commodity potato yield; average yield of potato 2 480kg / 667m2, water use efficiency 85.92 kg / (hm2 · mm), yield and water use efficiency increased by 49.04% and 48.14% respectively compared with the control.