论文部分内容阅读
目的分析西安市甲型肝炎(甲肝)发病趋势和流行因素,为制定防制措施提供依据。方法根据1990—2007年西安市疫情年报、专题调查和分析;应用趋势检验、周期性检验和χ2检验等方法处理数据,并进行流行病学分析。结果18年中报告甲肝31631例,年报告病例波动在170～6556例间(均数=1757.3例/a),占同期病毒性肝炎的15.82%,年构成波动在1.55%～43.89%(均数=15.82%),经χ2检验,差异有统计学意义(χ2=22418.6548,P<0.01);与全国甲肝发病率比较相关系数(rs)为0.9443,显示高度正相关,发病率呈明显下降趋势,游程检验差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),18年中可见间隔四五年的4个周期,周期性检验差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同年代季节分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=88.9328,P<0.01),表现春、夏季峰消失。年龄组分布差异亦有统计学意义(χ2=58.2380,P<0.01);男女比为1.51∶1,但差异无统计学意义(χ2=5.509,P>0.05);职业构成差异有统计学意义(χ2=58.2380,υ=6,P<0.01)。结论西安市甲肝发病已属低流行区,但学校和托幼机构仍是控制重点,加强疫苗接种,提高监测质量是目前主要措施。
Objective To analyze the trend and epidemic factors of hepatitis A (A) in Xi’an and provide the basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods According to the annual report of Xi’an epidemic from 1990 to 2007, the special investigation and analysis were conducted. The data were processed by trend test, periodic test and χ2 test, and the epidemiological analysis was conducted. Results There were 31,631 cases of hepatitis A reported in 18 years. The annual reported cases fluctuated between 170 and 6556 cases (mean = 1757.3 cases / a), accounting for 15.82% of the viral hepatitis in the same period. The annual composition fluctuation ranged from 1.55% to 43.89% (mean = 15.82%). There was significant difference (χ2 = 22418.6548, P <0.01) by χ2 test. The correlation coefficient (rs) with the incidence of hepatitis A was 0.9443, showing a highly positive correlation, the incidence decreased significantly, There were significant differences in run-length test (P <0.01), four cycles of four-five-year intervals in 18 years, and the difference of periodic test was statistically significant (P <0.01). There were significant differences in seasonal distribution in different years (χ2 = 88.9328, P <0.01), showing the disappearance of spring and summer peaks. There was also a statistically significant difference between the age groups (χ2 = 58.2380, P <0.01). The ratio of male to female was 1.51:1, but the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 5.509, P> 0.05) χ2 = 58.2380, υ = 6, P <0.01). Conclusions The incidence of hepatitis A in Xi’an is a low endemic area, but schools and nurseries are still the main control points. Strengthening vaccination and improving the quality of monitoring are the main measures at present.