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环境保护的目标是维护生态平衡,这在环境法学界已成为习以为常的观念,在法律与政策中更是有着直接的规定。然而,20世纪90年代开始占据生态学主导地位的非平衡理论(新生态学)已经指出,生态平衡并不是生态系统的常态,达到平衡反而是一种顶级状态,对于生态系统本身来说并不是一件好事情。因此,生态平衡并不适宜作为环境保护的目的。在新生态学观念下,作为替代性概念,生态系统健康可以作为环境立法的目的。生态系统健康不仅承认并采纳生态系统的生物完整性,而且将人的价值、信仰和福利也作为健康的生态系统的一部分,从而将社会经济与传统的生态/环境价值融合在一起。
The goal of environmental protection is to maintain the ecological balance, which has become a common concept in the field of environmental law and has more direct provisions in laws and policies. However, the non-equilibrium theory (neo-ecology) that began to dominate the ecology in the 1990s has pointed out that the ecological balance is not the norm of the ecosystem, that balancing is but a top state and not the ecosystem itself A good thing. Therefore, the ecological balance is not suitable for the purpose of environmental protection. Under the concept of neo-ecology, as an alternative concept, ecosystem health can serve the purpose of environmental legislation. Ecosystem health not only recognizes and embraces the biological integrity of ecosystems, but also integrates the socio-economic and traditional ecological / environmental values of human values, beliefs and welfare as part of a healthy ecosystem.