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本文旨在研究针刺干预对过度离心训练引起的肌束膜衔接盘(perimysial junctional plates,PJPs)结构域变化的影响,探讨针刺改善过度使用性损伤的机制。30只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成对照组、4周训练组、4周训练后1周自然恢复组和4周训练后1周针刺恢复组。4周训练组进行过度离心训练(跑台坡度-16°,速度16~20 m/min,60~90 min/d,每周5天),1周自然恢复即不进行任何干预措施,1周针刺恢复即每天使用直径0.25 mm毫针针刺(斜刺)趾长伸肌,留针4 min。透射电子显微镜观察PJPs结构域变化,1.5 mol/L Na OH消蚀和非消蚀法扫描电子显微镜观察肌束膜胶原纤维网络分支变化。结果显示:(1)与对照组相比,4周训练组PJPs结构域发生改变:肌节长度显著缩短(P<0.001)、结构损伤严重,肌原纤维间线粒体出现空泡、肌膜下线粒体肿胀;肌膜降解程度严重,占总量54%,同时胞膜窖(caveolae)数量大幅度增加(P<0.01);PJPs数量显著减少(P<0.001)。(2)与4周训练组相比,4周训练后1周自然恢复组PJPs结构域改变程度减轻:肌节长度大致恢复正常,结构损伤部分恢复,肌原纤维间线粒体、肌膜下线粒体形态结构恢复;肌膜降解程度大幅度减轻(P<0.001),同时胞膜窖数量增加(P<0.05);PJPs数量显著增加(P<0.001)。(3)与4周训练后1周自然恢复组相比,4周训练后1周针刺恢复组PJPs结构域改变显著减轻:肌节长度基本恢复,结构恢复正常,肌膜下线粒体融合程度增加(P<0.001);胞膜窖数量减少(P<0.001);PJPs数量减少(P<0.001),基本恢复正常。以上结果提示:(1)过度离心训练造成PJPs数量显著减少,其结构域稳态改变,妨碍了运动适应能力;(2)恢复期PJPs数量过度增加,其结构域稳态改变恢复受到限制,妨碍了骨骼肌损伤修复过程;(3)针刺干预使PJPs数量基本恢复正常,进而通过调节PJPs结构域稳态,减轻过度使用性损伤症状。
This article aims to investigate the effects of acupuncture intervention on changes in the domain of perioperative myelysial junctional plates (PJPs) induced by over-centrifugation and to explore the mechanism of acupuncture in improving overuse injury. Thirty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, 4-week training group, 4-week post-training natural recovery group and 4-week post-training 1-week acupuncture recovery group. 4 weeks of training group for over-centrifugation training (treadmill slope -16 °, speed 16-20 m / min, 60-90 min / d, 5 days a week), 1 week of natural recovery without any intervention, 1 week Acupuncture recovery that is used daily 0.25 mm acupuncture needle (oblique) long toe extensor, needle 4 min. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the changes of the PJPs domain. The branching of the myofibroblasts collagen network was observed with 1.5 mol / L NaOH elution and non-ablation scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the control group, the PJPs domain of the 4-week training group changed: the length of sarcolemma was significantly shortened (P <0.001), the structure was damaged severely, mitochondria vacuoles were found in myofibrils, mitochondria (P <0.01). The number of PJPs significantly decreased (P <0.001). The number of caveolae increased significantly (P <0.01). (2) Compared with the 4-week training group, the changes of the PJPs domain in the spontaneous recovery group at 1 week after 4 weeks of training were alleviated: the length of sarcomere returned to normal, the structural damage partially recovered, and the mitochondrial and submuscular mitochondrial morphology (P <0.001). At the same time, the number of cell cellar increased (P <0.05) and the number of PJPs significantly increased (P <0.001). (3) The changes of PJPs domain in acupuncture recovery group after 4 weeks of training were significantly reduced compared with those in 1 week after 4 weeks of training. The length of sarcomere was basically restored, the structure returned to normal, and the degree of mitochondrial fusion under sarcolemma increased (P <0.001). The number of membrane cellar decreased (P <0.001). The number of PJPs decreased (P <0.001) and returned to normal. The above results suggest that: (1) The number of PJPs significantly decreased due to over-centrifugation training, and the steady state of the domain changed, which hindered the adaptive capacity of exercise. (2) The number of PJPs in the convalescent phase increased excessively, the restoration of the steady- The repair process of skeletal muscle injury; (3) acupuncture intervention to make the number of PJPs returned to normal, and then by regulating the steady-state PJPs domain, reduce overuse injury symptoms.